Dilemmas in My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult Essays

PHI 111 Final Paper: Dilemmas in My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult The novel â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper† by Jodi Picoult explores the medical, legal, ethical and moral issues related to long term illness and discusses some of the bioethical issues around the experimental technique known as pre-implantation genetic diagnosis. The author presents many ethical dilemmas when a couple chooses to genetically engineer a baby to create a bone marrow match for their terminally ill daughter. That creation is Anna Fitzgerald, who is beginning to wonder about her place in the world and questions her on going donations in order to save her sister’s, Kate’s life. Anna feels that her existence is defined by her ability to save her sister. That type of†¦show more content†¦However I feel that Brian and Sara forgot to focus on what could be better for Anna when the time came for her to live her own life. At first Anna was experiencing psychological altruism which sometimes motivated her to put Kate’s interests ahead of her o wn. As Anna grew older she realized that the donations were at her own expense and she wanted to be free. Everyone, including children has the right to act in one’s own best interest. Therefore if Anna felt that she was not living to her best ability because of her connection with Kate then this egoism should be respected. This contrasts her mother, Sara’s psychological egoism, because she was acting in her own interests to save Kate. In this case, what Sara finds acceptable for Anna is negligent against Anna’s autonomy. The character of Sara is most adamant that it is in Anna’s best interests to act as a donor for Kate. However I do not think she meant for Anna to be at the mercy of her sister. I think she was only intent on doing what had to be done to keep her family intact by preserving the life of Kate. Sara believes that the social, emotional and psychological best interests of a person depend upon the happiness in the family in which they grow up in. This gives the idea that Anna’s best interests and welfare are closely tied to those of her family, whoShow MoreRelatedEssay on My Sister’s Keeper Shouldnt be a Challenged Book1508 Words   |  7 Pagesnovel My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult is a challenged book because of its homosexuality, offensive language, religious viewpoint, sexism, sexually explicit scenes, violence, and being unsuited to its age group; by all means this novel should not be challenged because, it’s use of offensive language is only us ed to intensify certain situations, and through all of the controversial issues it employs, it puts in perspective just how far someone would go for his/her family. This novel, My Sister’sRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult1216 Words   |  5 PagesReading Response – Kaitlyn Baker My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult Sad novels have never really appealed to me. I’ve never been drawn by their sombre and depressing tone, often leaving me in a state of wondering, what now? This novel didn’t excite me at first. The storyline of ‘My Sister’s Keeper’ by Jodi Picoult, follows Anna Fitzgerald as she takes her parents to court so that she could be emancipated from medically supporting here leukaemia ridden sister, Kate. But as I read through, there wereRead MoreMy Sister s Keeper By Jodi Picoult979 Words   |  4 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult beautifully illustrates many different legal, ethical, and moral dilemmas that can accompany a possible terminal illness diagnosis within a family especially that of a young family. Ultimately the book causes you to re-examine any stance you may have had between that of what is legally and ethically right and what is morally right. Brian and Sara Fitzgerald have two small children who seem healthy and happy. Suddenly their daughter Kate falls sick, and after manyRead MoreDevelopment of Anna Fitzgerald Character – My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult1980 Words   |  8 PagesDevelopment of Anna Fitzgerald Character – My Sister’s Keeper by Jodi Picoult school and last name deleted December 9, 2011 PSYCH1323 Adolescence development relies upon many factors. In order to accurately examine its growth, it is useful to look at some developmental theories. Anna Fitzgerald is thirteen years old; however, she is not like any other teenager with some ordinary problems. Anna was born for a specific purpose she was born to save her sister’s life and to serve as a matched tissueRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper Essay750 Words   |  3 PagesIn My Sister’s Keeper, Jodi Picoult tells the story of a family who is faced with a tragedy and in turn creates an ethical dilemma without even realizing it. Brian and Sarah Fitzgerald don’t think they will have any more children after Jesse and Kate, but when Kate is diagnosed with leukemia ideas of having another child spark in the minds of the Fitzgeralds. Although one might think the Fitzgeralds would have another child to replace the one they may lose, their plan is to use the child to keepRead MoreThe Movie My Sisters Keeper Essay1376 Word s   |  6 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper The movie â€Å"My Sister’s Keeper,† is based on the best-selling novel by Jodi Picoult; it explores the medical, legal, and ethical issues that pose a dilemma not revealed until the very end of the movie. The director, Nick Cassavetes, plays out an honest story that overwhelms his audience with waves of emotion by illustrating the daily battles of a young, genuine, and sincere cancer patient. Although an unfamiliar story to most, Mr. Cassavetes is able to grasp a sense of realismRead MoreMy Sisters Keeper5805 Words   |  24 PagesMy Sister’s Keeper Based on the book by Jodi Picoult ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost, we would all like to thank the Man with the Big guns from above named God. We thank you the most for without you we would never be able to do the things we love in life. We would never be able to see and feel the great wonders of the world that you have made for us especially the friendship and love that you never fail to provide us. Thank you for that. To our teacher we thank you for

Philippine Ready-to-Drink Tea Industry - 1646 Words

THE PHILIPPINE READY-TO-DRINK INDUSTRY RTD Tea in the Philippines †¢ The Ready-to-Drink (RTD) industry in the Philippines was relatively underdeveloped back in 2004. Consumers mostly purchased carbonated soft drinks, which dominated store shelves, both in the modern and traditional trade. †¢ Also, at that time, the still or non carbonated beverages comprise only a small portion of the beverage market. The products under this sector include energy drinks, iced tea and juices. †¢ However, the only brands dominating the RTD tea market were Nestea and Lipton but these brands were quite pricy for regular consumption. †¢ In that same year, the Universal Robina Corporation saw an opportunity since consumers became more conscious of what they†¦show more content†¦Lipton (PepsiCo.) Flavours/Variants: Iced Tea - Red Tea - Green Tea - Lemon Iced Tea Sparkling - Lemon - Green Tea Sizes: - 450 mL - 500 mL -1L - 1.25 L Flavour Size Red Tea Lemon 450 mL Green Tea Red Tea Lemon 1.5 L Green Tea Iced Tea Sparkling Lemon 500 mL Green Tea Iced Tea Sparkling Lemon 1.25 L Green Tea Price Php18.55 Php32.00 Php18.90 Php31.25 Note: Prices are as of September 2012 and is subject to change. Alo (RFM Corporation) Flavours/Variants: - Lychee - White Grape - Strawberry Sizes: - 325 mL - 500 mL Flavour Lychee White Grape Strawberry Lychee White Grape Strawberry Size 325 mL Price Php17.50 500 mL Php19.90 Note: Prices are as of September 2012 and is subject to change. Nestea (The Coca Cola Company) Flavours/Variants: - Lemon Iced Tea - Calamansi - Apple - Ice Lemon Green Tea - Ice Lemon Iced Tea Sizes: - 330 mL - 480 mL Flavour Nestea Lemon Nestea Calamansi Nestea Apple Nestea Iced Lemon Green Tea Nestea Iced Lemon Iced Tea Nestea Lemon Nestea Calamansi Nestea Apple Nestea Iced Lemon Green Tea Nestea Iced Lemon IcedShow MoreRelatedCase Analysis8274 Words   |  34 Pagesin the Philippines. 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Drugs And Crime Essay Example For Students

Drugs And Crime Essay Use federal tax dollars to fund these therapeutic communities in prisons. I feelthat if we teach these prisoners some self-control and alternative lifestylesthat we can keep them from reentering the prisons once they get out. I am alsogoing to describe some of todays programs that have proven to be veryeffective. Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the general theory of crime. ItAccording to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender areseparate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegalactivities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous. Crimes are committed when they promise rewards with minimum threat of pain orpunishment. Crimes that provide easy, short-term gratification are oftencommitted. The number of offenders may remain the same, while crime ratesfluctuate due to the amount of opportunity (Siegel 1998). Criminal offenders arepeople that are predisposed to committing crimes. This does not mean that theyhave no choice in the matter, it only means that their self-control level islower than average. When a person has limited self-control, they tend to be moreimpulsive and shortsighted. This ties back in with crimes that are committedthat provide easy, short-term gratification. These people do not necessarilyhave a tendency to commit crimes, they just do not look at long-termconsequences and they tend to be reckless and self-centered (Longshore 1998,pp.102-113). These people with lower levels of self-control also engage innon-criminal acts as well. These acts include drinking, gambling, smoking, andillicit sexual activity (Siegel 1998). Also, drug use is a common act that isperformed by these people. They do not look at the consequences of the drugs,while they get the short-term gratification. Sometimes this drug abuse becomesan addiction and then the person will commit other small crimes to get the drugsor them money to get the drugs. In a mid-western study done by Evans et al. (1997, pp. 475-504), there was a significant relationship between self-controland use of illegal drugs. The problem is once these people get into the criminaljustice system, it is hard to get them out. After they do their time and arereleased, it is much easier to be sent back to prison. Once they are out, theyrevert back to their impulsive selves and continue with the only type of lifethey know. They know short-term gratification, the quick fix if youwill. Being locked up with thousands of other people in the same situation asthem is not going to change them at all. They break parole and are sent back toprison. Since the second half of the 1980s, there has been a large growth inprison and jail populations, continuing a trend that started in the 1970s. The proportion of drug users in the incarcerated population also grew at thesame time. By the end of the 1980s, about one-third of those sent to stateprisons had been convicted of a drug offense; the highest in the countryshistory (Reuter 1992, pp. 323-395). With the arrival of crack use in the1980s, the strong relationship between drugs and crime got stronger. The useof cocaine and heroin became very prevalent. Violence on the streets that iscaused by drugs got the publics attention and that put pressure on the policeand courts. Consequently, more arrests were made. While it may seem good atfirst that these people are locked up, with a second look, things are not thatgood. The cost to John Q. Taxpayer for a prisoner in Ohio for a year is around$30,000 (Phipps 1998). That gets pretty expensive when you consider that thereare more than 1,100,000 people in United States prisons today (Siegel 1998). Many prisoners are being held in local jails because of overcrowding. This risein population is largely due to the number of inmates serving time for drugoffenses (Siegel 1998). This is where therapeutic communities come into play. The term therapeutic community has been used in many different forms oftreatment, including residential group homes and special schools, and differentconditions, like mental illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse (Lipton 1998,pp.106-109). In the United States, therapeutic communities are used in therehabilitation of drug addicts in and out of prison. These communities involve atype of group therapy that focuses more on the person a whole and not so muchthe offense they committed or their drug abuse. They use a community ofpeers and role models rather than professional clinicians. They focus onlifestyle changes and tend to be more holistic (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). Bygetting inmates to participate in these programs, the prisoners can break theiraddiction to drugs. By freeing themselves from this addiction they can changetheir lives. These therapeutic communities can teach them some self-control andways that they can direct their energies into more productive things, such assports, reli gion, or work. Seven out of every ten men and eight out of every tenwomen in the criminal justice system used drugs with some regularity prior toentering the criminal justice system (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). With that manypeople in prisons that are using drugs and the connection between drug use andcrime, then if there was any success at all it seems like it would be a step inthe right direction. Many of these offenders will not seek any type of reformwhen they are in the community. They feel that they do not have the time tocommit to go through a program of rehabilitation. It makes sense, then, thatthey should receive treatment while in prison because one thing they have plentyof is time. In 1979, around four percent of the prison population, or about10,000, were receiving treatment through the 160 programs that were availablethroughout the country (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1981). Forty-nine ofthese programs were based on the therapeutic community model, which servedaroun d 4,200 prisoners. In 1989, the percentage of prisoners that participatedin these programs grew to about eleven percent (Chaiken 1989). Some incompletesurveys state today that over half the states provide some form of treatment totheir prisoners and about twenty percent of identified drug-using offenders areusing these programs (Frohling 1989). The public started realizing that drugabuse and crime were on the rise and that something had to be done about it. Separation techniques in forensic scienceIn this study, they found a linear relationship between reduced recidivism ratesand time spent in the program as well as the level of treatment attained. Thisstudy found that it was the attainment of level progress rather than time in thetreatment that was most important. The studies done on New Yorks Stayn Outprogram and Delawares Key-Crest program are some of the first large-scaleevidence that prison-based therapeutic communities actually produce asignificant reduction in recidivism rates and show a consistency over time. Theprograms of the past did work, but before most of the programs were privatelyfunded, and when the funds ran out in seven or eight years, so did the programs. Now with the government backing these types of programs, they should continue toshow a decrease in recidivism. It is much more cost effective to treat theseinmates. A program like Stayn Out cost about $3,000 to $4,000 more than thestandard correctional costs per inmate per year (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). In aprogram in Texas, it was figured that with the money spent on 672 offenders thatentered the program, 74 recidivists would have to be prevented from returning tobreak even. It was estimated that 376 recidivists would be kept from returningusing the therapeutic community program (Eisenberg and Fabelo 1996, pp. 296-318). The savings produced in crime-related and drug use-associated costspay for the cost of treatment in about two to three years. The main questionthat arises when dealing with this subject is whether or not people change. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, the person does not change, only theopportunity changes. By separating themselves from people that commit crimes andcommonly do drugs, they are actually avoiding the opportunity to commit thesecrimes. They do not put themselves in the situation that would allow their lowself-control to take over. Starting relationships with people who exhibitself-control and ending relationships with those who do not is a major factor inthe frequency of committing crimes. Addiction treatment is very important tothis countrys war on drugs. While these abusers are incarcerated it providesus with an excellent opportunity to give them treatment. The will not seektreatment on their own. Without treatment, the chances of them continuing onwith their past behavior are very high. But with the treatment programs we havetoday, things might be looking up. The studies done on the various programs,such as New Yorks Stayn Out and Delawares Key-Crest program, prove thatthere ar e cost effective ways available to treat these prisoners. Not only arethey cost effective, but they are also proven to reduce recidivism ratessignificantly. These findings are very consistent throughout all of theresearch, there are not opposing views. I believe that we can effectively treatthese prisoners while they are incarcerated and they can be released intosociety and be productive, not destructive. Nothing else has worked to thispoint, we owe it to them, and more importantly, we owe it to ourselves. We canagain feel safe on the streets after dark, and we do not have to spend so muchof our money to do it. BibliographyBibliographyBall, J.C., J.W. Shaffer, and D.N. Nurco. 1983. Day-to-day criminality ofheroin addicts in Baltimore: a study in the continuity of offense rates. Drugand Alcohol Dependence. 12: 119-142. Beckett, K. 1994. Setting the PublicAgenda: Street Crime and Drug Use in American Politics. SocialProblems. 41(3): 425-447. Chaiken, M.R. 1989. In-Prison Programs forD rug-Involved Offenders. Research in Brief. Washington, DC: NationalInstitute of Justice. Eisenberg, M., and Tony Fabelo. 1996. Evaluation of theTexas Correctional Substance Abuse Treatment Initiative: The impact of policyresearch. Crime and Delinquency. 42(2): 296-318. Evans, T.D., F.T. Cullen,V.S. Burton, R.G. Dunaway, and M.L. Benson. 1997. The social consequences ofself-control: Testing the general theory of crime. Criminology. 35: 475-504. Frohling, R. 1989. Promising Approaches to Drug Treatment in CorrectionalSettings. Criminal Justice Paper No. 7. National Conference of StateLegislatures, Washington, DC. Inciardi, J.A., S.S. Martin, C.A. Butzin, R.M. Hooper, and L.D. Harrison. 1997. An effective model of prison-based treatmentfor drug-involved offenders. Journal of Drug Issues. 27(2): 261-278. Longshore, D. 1998. Self-Control and Criminal Opportuinty: A Prospective Testof the General Theory of Crime. Social Problems. 45(1): 102-113. Lipton, D.S. 1998. Therapeutic communities: History, effectiveness, and prospects.Corrections Today. 60(6): 106-109. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1981. Drug Abuse Treatment in Prisons. Treatment Research Report Series. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO. Phipps, B. 1998. Criminology class lecturenotes. Reuter, P. 1992. Community Crime Prevention: a review and synthesisof the literature. Justice Quarterly. 5(3): 323-395. Siegel, L.J. 1998. Criminology. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Toumbourou, J.W., M. Hamilton, B. Fallon. 1998. Treatment level progress and time spent in treatment in theprediction of outcomes following drug-free therapeutic community treatment.Addiction. 93(7): 1051-1064. Wexler, H.K., D. Lipton, G.P. Falkin, and A.B. Rosenbaum. 1992. Outcome evaluation of a prison therapeutic community forsubstance abuse treatment. In C.G. Leukkfeld and F.M. Tims (eds.), Drug AbuseTreatment in Prisons and Jails. pp. 156-175. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.

The Effects Of Sin Essays - English-language Films,

The Effects Of Sin The Effects of Sin But a lie is never good, even though death threatens on the other side (The Scarlet Letter). Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter, is a story that illustrates intricate pieces of the Puritan lifestyle. Lying of course was considered a tremendous sin in the eyes of the Puritans. Centered first on a sin committed by Hester Prynne and her secret lover before the story ever begins the novel details how sin affects the lives of the people involved. For Hester, the sin forces her into isolation from society and even from herself. Of the three main characters affected, Hester has the easiest time because her sin is out in the open. Arthur Dimmesdale has the hardest time dealing with it because his sin is hidden to the outside world. Roger Chillingworth is the most affected by the sin, though he was not around when the sin took place. These characters, Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth have all committed a sin, but the way it affects their lives is very different. Hester was left alone by her husband, Chillingworth, for more then two years. She unwisely committed adultery with Dimmesdale and gave birth to a baby girl named Pearl. She confesses her sin in front of everyone and wears the scarlet letter as her punishment. Pearl and the scarlet letter are both daily reminders of her sin, and keep her from falling in to the devils hands again. She uses her sin to grow stronger and become a better person. She tells the magistrates, This badge has taught me- it daily teaches me(Hawthorne 102). With her sin being out in the open, it changes her for the better because she acknowledges her mistake, she learns from it, and she can move on. Many people from her town go to her for advice, and to talk of their problems with her. Such helpfulness was found in her- so much power to do and power to sympathize- that many people refused to interpret the scarlet A by its original signification. They said that it meant Able; so strong was Hester Prynne, with a wom ens strength (The Scarlet Letter). Dimmesdale has the hardest time with his sin because he does not admit it to everyone. It haunts him every day when he sees Pearl and Hester. He lies about it in order to seem holy in the eyes of the congregation. He is very weak and unable to speak the truth, although he pleads for Hester to speak for him when he says, I charge thee to speak out the name of thy fellow-sinner and fellow-sufferer! Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place, and stand there beside thee, on they pedestal of shame, yet better it were so, than to hide a guilty heart through life (63). She could not speak, and neither could he. Through the seven years that he kept his sin a secret, he grew very ill and they knew it was more of an illness to the soul then to the body. He tortured himself by whipping his own back. Every day he went up the stairs to give a sermon, he would try to speak of his sin, but everyday he walked b acked down those stairs without doing it. He cannot justify his sin, even on the grounds of his love for Hester. Finally he admits his guilt, right before he dies on the scaffold. Chillingworth is the worst sinner of all because he violates the sanctity of the human heart. He pretends to be Dimmesdales friend while he is actually probing his heart. Although at the beginning he is a good, kind, intelligent man, his real personality is engulfed by the revenge he wants for Dimmesdale. He holds no grudge against Hester or Pearl, but he wants to ruin Dimmesdales life by torturing him with the sin he is hiding. Demented by his thoughts of revenge and hate, Chillingworth is shown to be a devil by not being truthful to himself and others. Finally, for all the characters, Hawthornes novel illustrates how one sin can escalate to encompass

Descriptive Essay - On Mothers Peonys Essays - Flowers, Peony

Descriptive Essay - On Mother's Peonys When I was a child,my mother had the most beautiful peony bushes in the county. The huge, superb, pompoms of white, pink, and burgundy, spectacularly embraced an entire corner of our yard. When the breeze came to dance among the blooms their intoxicating aroma beckoned with a long finger that reached all the way into the house. In May when the honey scented peonies bloomed in concert with the fragrant lilacs, dozens were gathered and brought into the house. For weeks, every room of our house brimmed with blooms. Any container that could hold water was temporarily transformed into a vase. After the flowers gave up their velvety petals they were made to last a bit longer when gathered into several wicker baskets to dry. These dried petals made excellent potpourri to be enjoyed during the cold winter months. Each year progressed this way until one summer when no one seemed to have time to tend the peonies after they bloomed. Vicious weeds crept into the bushes and soon the normally well-tended corner of our garden was a thicket of neglect. One evening, after the supper dishes had been cleared, my father and I went outside to play catch. His faded overalls showed the wear of hard work as he stretched to throw the ball in my direction. As I tossed the ball back to Dad, my cat, Inky, startled me as she twirled herself between my bare feet. I threw the ball wildly as chills spiraled from my ankles to the nape of my neck. The large, red orb darted past my father and landed in the overgrown corner of the yard. Dad retrieved the ball and tossed it in my direction, then silently walked to the garage and returned with the faded green lawn mower. With a cough and a sputter, the metal beast roared to life and Dad attacked Mom's peony patch. He pulled and he pushed until he had consumed every square inch leaving no stem more than an inch tall. I watched in horror as Dad placed the machine back into the garage. Didn't he know just how heartbroken Mom would be when she discovered her flowers of spring had been destroyed? I did not question Dad about his actions but merely followed him inside the house as the once brilliant, now dim, sunset signaled my bedtime. All night I thought Dad must not have remembered that those peonies were planted, years ago, by my grandmother. I thought of how disappointed everyone would be next spring when the lilacs bloomed unaccompanied. But Dad knew something that I did not. The following April, I tagged along as Mom checked on spring's progress in reclaiming our property. We picked at the daffodils that peeked through the cool earth and peeled a few lilac buds to see how soon we could expect the tiny fragrant flowers. Then Mom walked toward for her favorite corner of the yard. She bend over the area where the peonies had been ravaged so many months before. ?Veronica, look at these bushes,? Mom exclaimed. I though she was joking. Surely there was nothing to look at. As she rose and walked towards the house she called out, ?I think we'll have a bountiful crop this year.? Puzzled, I slowly turned and looked down at ground. I saw hundreds of tiny red and green sprouts fueled by the warmth of spring, reaching up to kiss the sun. That year the peony bushes were the best in memory. The neighbors shook their heads and declared that Mom sure knew the secret to tending flowers. I can still recall the sweet aroma of the pinks that scented my room. A few ago I planted my own peony bushes. I, too, am learning the lessons of nature. There is a time for growing, a time for blooming and a time for harvesting. There is even a time for mowing down the weeds and starting over again. So it is with people, who, like peonies, are firmly rooted in soil. We must grow, bloom and sometimes start over again when our lives have become tangled in weeds. The results can be amazing. Creative Writing

buy custom Adding Bulk Naturally essay

buy custom Adding Bulk Naturally essay These days you can gain weight naturally and safely without taking the risk with your health. Many experiences confusing and frustrating moments when figuring out how to gain weight, but the truth of the subject is that u dont have to worry. Few variables are involved in the process of gaining weight since its not a complicated process. Muscle and weight can be gained with ease if one learns on how to control the things that matter in the whole process of weight and muscle gaining. The keys to gaining weight properly while gaining muscle mass are the following: Eating often Enough eating increases the chances of you gaining more weight. Many say that they eat always, but they dont see their weight increasing, but this should not worry them because the truth of the matter is that maybe they dont take the 4,000-6,000 calories a day that is actually required to put up the size. Three meals a day cannot cut the weight regardless of what many may think. You should eat snacks which are hearty such as shakes proteins, sandwiches, and replacement bars meals between the actual meals and before getting to bed if you are serious about getting bigger. To get the calories needed you must plan and of time ensure that you have something to take in that will deliver those calories needed in your body. Bigger portions Your size portion will become heavier as you reach to calories that are between 4,000-6,000 marks. This can be accomplished through two ways, consuming big volumes being the first one such as eating five eggs instead of eating three. The second, being taking a large portion of foods that is dense in calories like eating some peanuts before sleeping. Adding extra putty to bread, taking milk instead of water or adding an extra egg to your pancake can largely increase the protein in your body without necessary having to consume each porton in a different time and in bigger quantities. Nutritional Density maximization When you are able to number of times you consume food that are dense in nutrition then lean muscle putting becomes easier. Some food such as spinach has calories which are relatively low but has a high-nutrition value. You can add nuts, tomatoes and roasted chicken to the spinach salad if your aim is to gain weight. May also need to substitute the food that is lighter for the dense ones and it is always important not to take carbohydrates instead of proteins. Its also important to ensure that the proteins necessary to build the muscle mass are well obtained from the food you are taking. Drinking up To add an extra, calorie, in your diet you may require drinking beverages that are dense in calories such as; milk and drinks that add weights to the body. Gainers designed to give big masses such as 1,250 calories should be used in cases where protein supplements are used this is because they have high carbohydrates and calorie counts that are necessary in maintaining calorie in surplus in the body hence achieving the needed weight. Fruits that are fresh, yoghurt and peanut butter can help increase the calorie if added to the juice or milk. (Insel 2010). The muscle building needs a lot of work. It needs to train with purpose, heavy and hard to utilize the extra calories and stimulate the growth. Muscles are broken down by resistance training and the tissues rebuilt during the recovery period. Lean body mass increasing and developing considers adequate rest, hydration and post nutrition workouts to be imperative. Nobody has ever said that getting a sensible body weight was not difficult. Adding weight like the most goals of fitness requires training hard taking nutrition solids having enough rest and recovery. Lean and high- protein food are needed for the weight gain. At least 0.8 grams of protein per pound oof body weight are need for muscle building. The productive phases of bodybuilding are cutting and bulking, where cutting is the subtraction and bulking the addition. During the cutting you remove the fat from the body while trying not to lose the muscle. While in bulking you add muscle without adding too much fat. Clean bulking and lean bulking are the ways of maximizing muscle mass and avoiding adding fat or can be termed as adding muscle and losing body fat at the same time. Dirty bulking involves eating food that do not consist a bulking diet such as junk food and that are not designed to maximize muscle gains, reduce the fat and support maximum effort in the gym and a health life outside. Foods comes in very many forms since every food contains a carbohydrate, proteins and fat and some food contains alcohol that provides extra calories. As for the body builders they should try and get enough of the macro nutrients such as carbohydrates, fat and proteins into their bodies. Bulking is putting weight with the intention of improving the muscle mass which is a common technique of training to add weight and size. Since bulking requires a lot of energy, intake of the calories accompanied with a lot of heavy lifting it is always followed by a cutting phase to reduce the diet and then to remove the excess fat gained from the bulking and hence maintaining the muscle mass intact. Cutting and bulking phase may last for about twelve weeks respectively. The food that has high-calorie is necessary when one needs to add some little fat in the body. Conclusion According to the researchers you can gain the weight without having to risk on your health and this can be achieved through following the prescribed mode and type of dieting that will assist your body to gain weight without necessary having to lose the muscle mass. Buy custom Adding Bulk Naturally essay

Abraham Lincoln's Campaigns for the Senate in 1858 and for the Essay

Abraham Lincoln's Campaigns for the Senate in 1858 and for the Presidency in 1860 - Essay Example Out of the seven debates held in Illinois, perhaps the most famous became the one held at the Freeport. Douglas insisted that the citizens ought to decide whether to include or exclude slavery in the new territories. Furthermore, he claimed that the federal government must focus, remain neutral and not mislead the people’s decision on slavery. On the other hand, Lincoln disapproved the notion of extending slavery to other territories. (Johnson 30).He insisted that slavery was wrong and that the government should not take a neutral stand in increasing slavery. His anti-slavery chants won the hearts of the Southern Democrats, who entirely opted not to support their own Stephen Douglas. Even though Lincoln never won the crucial battle for the Illinois senate seat, his Freeport campaign and, his take against slavery made him soar to national levels even surpassing Stephen Douglas. All Lincoln's speeches focused on the issue of slavery; he viewed it as an evil institution and denou nced it against spreading to any other new US territories. He further critiqued Stephen Douglas for popularizing the concept of ‘popular sovereignty’, that would allow new states to vote on whether to embrace slavery or not. Lincoln’s opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act significantly contributed to his popularity. The Kansas-Nebraska Act got drawn by Stephen Douglas, and it sought to give the powers to the voters to decide whether slavery would be allowed. Both the pro and anti-slavery groups took demonstrations into Kansas with the aim of either voting slavery down or up. With so much tension, a key civil war broke out famously referred to as ‘Kansas Bleeding’. His firm opposition to this Act elevated his political landscape and heightened his political career. The bitter rivalry between the pro slavery and the anti slavery camps ignited Lincoln’s momentum in denouncing slavery throughout various states such as, Indiana, Ohio, Wisconsin and Iowa. (Johnson 47). Lincolns’ invitation to speak at the Cooper Union in Manhattan impacted positively to his campaigns from his autobiography debates (Johnson 35). His speeches and debates prompted many from the East to consider Lincoln as a potential presidential candidate. He continued condemning the popular sovereignty and mobilised the republicans to oppose the extension of slavery. Furthermore, opposition made Lincoln clinch the ultimate coveted prize of being the president of America in 1860. His opponents, Breckinridge, Bell and Douglas who got the least votes attacked him with a war of words, describing him as an embarrassment to the American Nation, Unfit for office and ridiculed his looks. They insisted that the Republican Party was a platform for advocacy for the African American social and political equality. To the opposition, this would result in the economic downfall of the major industries of production. With no slaves at their disposal, free labour was comi ng to an end. (Johnson 54). Through opposition to slavery, Lincoln’s personality grew to be exceedingly adored by the population; he tackled down his critics with facts and critical thinking. He stood by his argument and let the whole of America know his attitude towards slavery. He managed to organize himself after the loss of Illinois Senate seat to Douglas, and establish himself as an honest and rightful president of America. Lincoln won the hearts of many republicans because of his public honesty, advocacy for freedom and abolition of slavery. He understood his limitations and his strengths and demonstrated a wider knowledge and ability in his authority. Lincoln viewed Slavery as an American problem and saw racial prejudice as most common among White Americans. He felt that the intensity of racial

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 105

Journal - Essay Example All phrases in the sentence have the same form, and the same grammatical function. Parallelism makes each sentence an element in a series owing to the deliberate repetition. An example of parallel structure is â€Å"They struggled in a foreign country, without food, without friends, and without accommodation†. This sentence has the same form, in that it uses the word ‘without’ and their grammatical function is the same because they all complete the verb ‘was’. One has to cut out useless words and phrases. Instead of saying, â€Å"The type of people in the party were women and children†, one should write, â€Å"The people in the party were women and children†. Another method is substitution of an economical expression for a wordy one. Instead of saying, â€Å"the essay tends to focus on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  one can cut out unnecessary wordiness by using the word ‘emphasize’. In addition, it is necessary to reduce emphatic repetition in

The United Kingdom constitution is underpinned by strong, clear Essay

The United Kingdom constitution is underpinned by strong, clear principles which serve to uphold democracy - Essay Example The characteristics of the associations among the government and the residents, the trustworthiness of country’s establishments and the rights and the duties of people define the strengths of democracy. The constitution of the UK has developed progressively to renovate the association between the government and the residents, and to react with the challenges of globalisation as well as the other social aspects. In order to uphold the democracy, there is need for shaping new relationships and instigating drive towards new constitutional reimbursements, which commend parliament and people with more authority and right1. British Constitution Constitution can systematise, allocate and control the authority of state. It sets forth the state structure, state foundations, and ethics governing the state relations. Unlike other countries, the constitution of the UK has no single legal documents which sets out the central regulations and delineate the functions of the state. The British constitution has evolved from extensive time period and from several sources2. Maintaining democracy requires several modifications in constitution. Over the past few eras, the government has followed policies on decentralisation of the UK. The modifications have transformed the constitutional setting of the country. There are arguments which call for more fundamental changes and support additional legitimate changes which can weaken the administrative power and strengthen democracy through direct resident participation in decision making. But it is unclear that constitutional changes would inevitably generate a democratic recovery3. The strengths of constitution in the UK disembark from the Crown and reside with the government and parliament. People of the UK hardly have the likelihood or the opportunity to be involved in the official political process. The major aspect of the UK constitution is composition of arbitrary, infinite and inexplicable authority, and majority of these p owers originate from the Crown and are implemented by the government and the Queen. The Queen herself possesses four constitutional authorities such as the right to assign Prime Minister, the right to disband parliament, the authority to discharge the administration, and the power to deny imperial ascension to regulation approved by the parliament. But in recent years, application of many of those authorities has proved to be highly provocative. For instance, in the year 2003, Tony Blair, the then Prime Minister of the UK, had used his authority to announce war to battle with Iraq on fabricated information and without prior authorisation of parliament4. Transformation of Democracy in the UK It had been observed that several western European nations perceived increasing attention for intensifying citizens’ involvement and encouragement in strategy decisions. The UK has certain democratic form which essentially authorise the majoritarian character of British democracy. The regi onal Assemblies Act passed in 2003 had made the UK less centralised and more decentralised. The UK has developed its own democratic tradition and carefully added components from other democratic models5. Parliamentary Sovereignty Parliamentary sovereignty is the code of the constitution of the UK. It provides the parliament with the decisive legal control

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000

International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 Transformation coordinates from International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2000 to World Geodetic System 1984 Geodetic network is an essential frame of spatial data. Also it is an information system for geodetic and engineering surveys, land management, geodetic support of construction, monitoring of buildings and structures deformations, topographical mapping, development of geographical information systems, transport navigation. There are several coordinate systems to solve tasks as described above. Using Global Navigation Satellite Systems cause a problem of installing communication between coordinate systems. G.I.S. specialists should know how to work with various kinds of geospatial data, that are acquired from terrestrial surveying, Global Navigation Satellite System observations and online GNSS processing service. Besides coordinates can relate to global, regional and local reference systems (Bosy J., 2014). Geodesists should understand and be able to handle with reference frame conversions in order to get high-quality geospatial data: maps, digital models of the Earth. The aim of thi s research is to find better transformation model between ITRF2000 and WGS84 by comparison Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky-Badekas models. First of all, short definitions on two reference frames should be done. The ITRF is stands for International Terrestrial Reference Frame. It is earth-centered and earth-fixed datum. It was presented in 1988. Coordinates are based on the GRS80 ellipsoid, which was designed to suit the shape of the geoid. The geoid is an irregular surface, which coincides with the surface of the water in the seas and oceans. It is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at any point. ITRF is sustained by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (Altamimi Z., 2011). Also it is a global network with points that have accurate coordinates. Coordinates are derived from geodetic measurements using GNSS and different laser rangings (Jannsen V., 2009). This network contains 800 stations that are distributed over the globe. The latest realization of the ITRF was done in 2008. The realization is a defining of stations' coordinates and linear velocities (Altamimi Z., 2011). In contrast, WGS84 is a regular Terrestrial Reference System. It is geocentric, right-handed, orthogonal coordinate system used in geodesy and navigation (NIMA, 2000). The WGS84 Coordinate System center is a geometric center of the WGS84 Ellipsoid. The National Geospatial Intelligence Agency operates this common Terrestrial Reference System. Due to National Imagery and Mapping Agency (1997) the last reference system is developed in order to match International Reference System. The X and Z axes are consonant with the Reference Meridian, Reference Pole consequently. Also Y axis is stationed on ninety degrees from X and Z axes (NIMA, 2000). Furthermore, ITRF coordinates might differ from WGS84 coordinates in different regions at sub-metre level (Winter S., 2014). Consequently, two reference systems' convention increases with time (Jannsen V., 2009). Aghamohammadi in his work stated that those varieties might be solved at the centimeter level by using seven-parameter conversion (Aghamohammadi A.). Therefore, one datum can be transferred to another datum by the Helmert 7-parameter transformation (Knippers R., 1998). Those parameters are: three rotations (ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ², ÃŽ ³), origin shift of three coordinates (ΔX, ΔYandΔZ) and scale (s). The Helmert transformation model is a seven parameter transformation. It is either a position vector and coordinate frame conversion. In the coordinate frame transformation parameters are transformed for the whole reference system. The Bursa-Wolf transformation model is the position vector transformation (Deakin R., 2006). In contrast to the coordinate frame transformation it uses rotations that are refer to the point's vector. These two models are almost the same. Yet their rotations have reversible signs. Moreover, Aghamohammadi tested two transformation models Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky-Badekas (Aghamohammadi A.). The first model's formulas were done by Bursa in 1962. In 1963 Wolf had improved it. It is a seven-parameter model. It transfers three dimensional Cartesian coordinates between two datums. This model uses origin shifts of coordinates, rotation angles and scale change. Below its matrix-vector form: The second model is Molodensky-Badekas model. It was introduced by Molodensky in 1962, then developed in 1969. It is also seven-parameter conformal conversion of Cartesian coordinates between different datums. The formula of transformation is: Where ΔX, ΔY, ΔZ are the shifts between the barycenter and centroid of two networks. And rx, ry, rz are rotation of positions, ds is a scale change. Moreover, Aghamohammadi stated that Molodensky-Badekas model dissimilar from Bursa-Wolf model by the point about which axes are rotate and scale is changed (Aghamohammadi A.).The Molodensky-badekas model is often used for the conversion coordinates between terrestrial and satellite datums. Yet for that condition the central point should be the barycentre (Aghamohammadi A.). In contrast the Bursa-Wolf transformation model does not need the centroid coordinates as in the Molodensky-Badekas model. Aghamohammadi described those two models in his work (Aghamohammadi A.). That author wrote that research was done in Iran region, where he compared transformation models to find appropriate model. The main issue of that work was that Iranian Permanent Network's coordinates are estimated in ITRF. National GPS network coordinates are in WGS84 coordinate system. And differences from two reference systems can be more than  ± meter. Due to results and some parameters concluded that Bursa-Wolf model is better that Molodensky-Badekas model (Aghamohammadi A.). The author wrote that the first model is simpler and easier to use than the second. Also it is better suits to the satellite datums. Finally, there are many computer programs that allow us to transfer coordinates from one system to another. However, it is important to know which method you will choose in order to achieve expected result. I suppose that this work covered theoretical part of the issue. Besides the Bursa-Wolf model can be proposed as good model due to its simplicity. In the future work I can choose this model to transform coordinates from ITRF2000 to WGS84. References Aghamohammadi A., Nankali H. R., Djamour Y. Transformation from ITRF2000 to WGS84. [e-journal] Available though: National Cartographic Center of Iran website http://ncc.org.ir/_DouranPortal/Documents/a-aghamohammadi.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2014]. Altamimi Z., Boucher C., Sillard P. (2011) New Trends for the Realization of the International Terrestrial Reference System. [e-journal] Available through: University of Liege website http://www.ltas-vis.ulg.ac.be/cmsms/uploads/File/ITRS.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2014]. Bosy J., (2014) Global, Regional and National Geodetic Reference Frames for Geodesy and Geodynamics. [e-journal] Available through: scientific publisher Springer link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00024-013-0676-8#page-1 [Accessed 2 November 2014]. NIMA (2000) Its Definition and Relationships with Local Geodetic Systems. [e-journal] Available through National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency website http://earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/Publications/tr8350.2/wgs84fin.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2014]. Deakin R., (2006) A note on the Bursa-Wolf and Molodensky-Badekas transformations. [e-journal] Available through ResearchGate social networking website http://researchgate.net/publication/228757515_a_note_on_the_bursa-wolf_and_molodensky-badekas_transformations [Accessed 1 November 2014]. Knippers R., (1998) Coordinate systems and Map projections, ITC-notes. [e-journal] Available through: International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation website http://kartoweb.itc.nl/geometrics/publications/kt20003coordtransuk.pdf [Accessed 1 November 2014]. Jannsen V.,(2009) Understanding Coordinate Systems, Datums and Transformations in Australia. [e-journal] Available through: University of Tasmania Library website http://eprints.utas.edu.au/9489/1/Janssen_2009_SSC2009_proceedings_version.pdf [Accessed 1 November 2014]. Winter S., Rizos C., (2014) Dynamic Datum Transformations in Australia and New Zealand. [e-journal] Available through: CEUR Workshop Proceedings publication service http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-1142/paper6.pdf [Accessed 2 November 2014].

A Good Life Does Not Have to Be Complex Essay

A good life is defined differently for everyone. Our parents, friends, and the media all comprise a vision that we see as the best way of experiencing our lives. This is different for every person, because nobody follows the exact same path in life, and events influencing someone’s existence are what eventually set the course for one‘s perception of a good, fulfilling, purposeful life. In the cases of some, a good life does not have to be complex. A modest life is often more fulfilling as a busy, complicated lifestyle. Although I don’t necessarily agree that my life would be better if it were suddenly made much simpler, there are people in the world who believe that the best thing one could ask for is simplicity. Taoists are a wonderful example of people who prefer a less-complex life in favour of a simplistic one. Taoism, a Chinese philosophy we learn about and touch upon in the story â€Å"Substance, Shadow, and Spirit†. Substance represents the body, shadow represents fame, and spirit is self explanatory. In the story we learn that someone who chooses to stress substance in their life would spend much of their time gathering material possessions. Their priority in life would be trying to preserve it through building monuments that last beyond their own life span. Someone who chooses to emphasize shadow doesn’t care much about their life being preserved through time. They know eventually it will all slip away and focus on doing things that other people will praise. One who lives by the spirit does not concern themselves with noble deeds. They seem more interested in self-fulfillment as opposed to what others think about them. When you eliminate certain superficial factors that our society puts too much emphasis on, life gets a whole lot simpler. Buddhists are another great example. Choosing to eliminate the need for desires through self-discipline is what it emphasizes. Desires such as material possessions are not nearly as important to a Buddhist living in China as say the average North American. The lack of want for physical objects arguably makes a persons life a lot simpler. When you don’t have to stress or worry about having the latest phone, most money or nicest car – it makes living seem like less of a competition. Spirituality and understanding yourself better are far more important to a Buddhist then other trivial things people in our society don’t need to spend so much effort worrying about. Instead of â€Å"keeping up with the Jones’s† and worrying yourself with what you think you need, your focus can be on more important things like people and relationships. In conclusion, I do not necessarily believe a humble existence is the â€Å"best† way to live and it is most definitely not for me. I am content with my way of life, but I share some of the views that the people I mentioned do. I believe more emphasis should be put on the great memories and times you can have with people, because these things are much more valuable than a thing you can own. I don’t mean to preach, and I’m not declaring how much happier I would be if I rid myself of everything I own and moved to Tibet. I don’t think I have the self discipline or the desire to live in such a simple manner, but with hundreds of millions of Buddhists and Taoists around the world, the simple life is what they choose – and it works just fine for them.

Paradox Essay

Michael Seamen wrote People of Paradox based on the United States story, culture, and politics, as a paradox and making it tie together all the themes and facts in the American government. He lists his analysis of the many paradoxes that riddle American life. He often observes that the American people expect their leaders to be â€Å"Every man and Superman† which he elaborates that our society is so pluralistic that we expect our leaders to be all things to all people. But not one individual can possibly be everything; not one can be the villain and the hero.With that paradox of â€Å"Every man and Superman† shows how our society is contradicting itself because it's not Seibel to be both or even all. Its what America runs off of and the idea that our leaders should make us all happy, which isn't the case, nor will society make it that way. Although Seamen had strong ideas that showed how paradoxes govern American society, it is often opinionated that the ambivalent stru cture of people is the reason that society can't all agree on one thing.It has been the impulse of our egalitarianism to make all people alike, but because of our social order and intolerance to accentuate differences among groups this cannot be achieved. Paradoxes also show how people are often diverse. Its important to cooperate common goals as a society to create a stabilized life, and I agree that having paradoxes truly do help make that happen.It sticks in people's minds and makes them conjure up their own opinions and ideas on how certain paradoxes can govern their own life and what it means to that person individually. In conclusion, paradoxes govern American life in many different ways. We use them to govern our society and to govern ourselves. It lists to moral concept of how America should be understood. It shows the essential need to be understood even though we as people are often misunderstood.And with that paradox, it just shows how we are not perfect. We live in a soc iety with flaws and aspirations. Not everyone can be fulfilled, but showing your individuality puts you apart from everyone else keeping your mind sane and having your own creed beliefs. Though we are only human, our government leaders are not perfect and are only as ambiguous as the rest of society, its our job to get through life knowing what you personally believe in.

Extreme Sports The World beyond Its Limits

Extreme Sports The World beyond Its Limits Because of the people’s constant craving for the adrenalin, the dangerous kinds of sports have always been on the top. Since they provide people with the necessary doze of adrenalin, many scientists consider such sport a substance that can be used as a substitute for narcotic. The question is whether the devil is just as black as he is painted.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Extreme Sports: The World beyond Its Limits specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is no doubt that dangerous kinds of sports have at least one strong reason to be cultivated. First, it provides a certain solution to give way to the feelings, which is quite impossible in the ordinary life – at least, to the extent that such sports can suggest. Then, this is a perfect way to show people that you â€Å"have the guts†, that you are a courageous person, even a daredevil. The latter usually passes as a reason for men to take up t hese kinds of sports. Coming closer to the topic, it is reasonable to figure out which sports are considered as such. Where is the line between the sports and the risky sports drawn? The most well-known extreme sports are mountaineering, parachute jumping, diving, parkour and snowboarding (Hildyard 8. Unlike the rest of the sports, they involve not only a great deal of stamina, but also a lot of courage which borders with recklessness. The key idea about all these sports, however different they are, is all the same, and it can be driven to six words, which are: your life is in your hands. The understanding that the consequences of your adventure depend only on the skills of your own, and that you have no one to blame for your own bad luck but yourself encourage the responsibility that each of us have to awaken. This is the breeze of freedom that one can feel as he or she indulges into the element of theirs, whenever it is the air, or the water, or the earth, or the fire. This is som ething that can be considered plunging into the nature, betting your own life to win the secrets that the world around hides. However, that is what concerns me alone. Someone else might feel completely different palette of emotions and think different ideas, but the core notion that the whole experience is sewn through is the feeling that there are no boundaries in this world for the daring ones.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However strange that night sound, these kinds of sports can also learn people to work in team and to appreciate the bunch of people they are working with. This concerns mainly such sports as mountaineering. Being literally bound together with another person whom you hardly know and yet whom you are practically intertwined with is the experience of a lifetime, after which working in an office with a colleague that irritates you seems not to matt er anymore. There is also one more thing owing to which these sports seem so attractive. Parkour as a sport is all shot through with this idea, which is the freedom that only the sports can give. This is the freedom to move and to make decisions; it brings both the muscles and the brain to the ecstatic state. Once having tried the extreme sports, one cannot help going on and on, plunging into the danger every single moment. This can be transferred to the everyday life as well, and make it seem not so dull and mundane as it used to be. Craving for the state of happiness, people have tried most unusual things since the beginning of the mankind. The experiments were both successful and devastating, but the end of the journey would always be the same, with the seeker finally finding the heaven he or she was searching for. Extreme sports are one of such, and, if they make a bunch of people happy, they have proved their right to exist. Hildyard, Jim. Extreme Sports. Oxford: Heinemann edu cational Publishers. 2002. Print.

Enlightenment Philosophers Influencing the American Documents Essay Example

Enlightenment Philosophers Influencing the American Documents Essay Example Enlightenment Philosophers Influencing the American Documents Essay Enlightenment Philosophers Influencing the American Documents Essay During the 1600- 1700â„ ¢s enlightenment philosophers all had different ideas on government and the way of living. All these ideas greatly impacted the colonists, encouraging the American Revolution and helping form its government. These political, economic, and social changes from the Enlightenment also influenced the American documents; the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Five great philosophers greatly impacted the Revolution and the documents and although many think that Montesquieu influenced more ideas then Baccaria, Rousseau, Voltaire, and Locke, Locke truly impacted the most in the creation of U.S. government and its documents. The rights in the Bill of Rights werenâ„ ¢t based on the ideas of Baron de Montesquieu but the ideas of John Locke. Lockeâ„ ¢s ideas of the Natural Rights were the general foundation of the bill, Voltaire and Baccaria went more into detail on his beliefs. In the first amendment, ideas of freedom of speech, press, and religion are a very crucial part of the Bill of Rights. This idea was by Voltaire, he believed strongly in all the rights. He believed in the freedom of speech and press because he was a writer himself and thought you can have a right of thought and expression. He is famous for the powerful quote, I may not agree with what you say but I will defend to the death your right to say it. Voltaireâ„ ¢s second idea was freedom of religion. He believed in this because he lived in France and at that time you could only be catholic. Everyone that was not catholic was kicked out of their homes so he believed that there should be religious toleration. Religion toleration i s an important right because there is many religions in the world and is the one of the main causes of war, so if people have freedom of religion there is more hope that there will be fewer wars. The main second philosopher that helped with the Bill of rights was Baccaria; his ideas were put into amendments five, six, and eight. In amendments 5 and 6 he influenced that every mean should have the right to a speedy and public trial and torture is not allowed. Amendments five and six were important because people used to torture others so that they will say one thing even if it is untrue and with no torture there will be fair trial. The eighth amendment is the prohibition of excessive bail and cruel, unusual punishment. This means that a personâ„ ¢s crime should determine the type and severity of the punishment, this is one of the fairest rights because you can not get equality for all people, no one can be prejudice to the person and everyone gets equal treatment for the crime that is done. Baccariaâ„ ¢s ideas were like Lockeâ„ ¢s ideas of all men are equal giving men equal treatment. Montesquieu inspired the U.S. constitution greatly but Locke still had a main idea in the document. Montesquieu believed in checks and balances giving him the idea of the 3 branches of government; judicial, executive, and legislative. All three of the branches had equal amount of power, this way not group could take over and corruption wouldnâ„ ¢t occur. The judicial branch is made up of the judges of the Supreme Court; they interoperate the laws to see how each applied to a specific case. The executive branch is made up of the leader (president or king) and his ministers; they carried out the laws of the state/ country. The last branch, legislative; they were made up of parliament (congress) and they made the laws. These branches carefully check each other, the leader can veto a law by congress but congress can override a vito by 2/3 vote, also the judicial branch can determine the when a law is unconstitutional. These all work perfectly to make sure that no one gets more power then the other and is superior to another. John Locke believed in equality for all and this represents it, all branches are equal and no branch has more authority. Lastly, the declaration of independence was based on mostly Lockeâ„ ¢s brilliant ideas, leaving Montesquieu in the dust for most influential. John Locke advocated the 3 natural right of man, which were the basis that Thomas Jefferson made for the Declaration. Lockeâ„ ¢s natural rights state that everyone is able to have life, liberty, and the right to own property. No one is able to take away these rights because they are given to you by god. He also stated that if the government did not protect these rights, that the citizen had the right to overthrow or remove it from being in office. This was in the opening of the document because it was that most important, main idea that gave people more freedoms. Locke was not the only philosopher that influenced it, Jean Jacques Rousseau had man important ideas to add. He impacted it by the idea that nobility should be abolished, that all men are created equal, and also along with Lockeâ„ ¢s ideas about the social contract. The soci al contract is that persons in a state would willingly come together to form a state and that individuals would agree to form a state that would provide a neutral judge that could protect the lives, liberty, and property of those who live within the state. Locke was the main contributor to the Declaration for all his brilliant ideas. The enlightenment was a very important to shape America into what it is today. Without the central ideas and figures of the enlightenment, the U.S. would have been drastically different from what it is today. Both during and after the American Revolution many of the core ideas of the enlightenment were the basis for the important documents; declaration of independence, the constitution, and the bill of rights. Concepts such as freedom form oppression, natural rights, and the new ways of thinking about the governmental structure came from the philosophers such as Montesquieu, Baccaria, Rousseau, Voltaire, and most importantly Locke. They all made the foundations of colonial and modern America.

Pain management in nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Pain management in nursing - Research Paper Example Luckily, quite a lot of studies and print and electronic literatures cover the subject of pain management. In many occasions, literatures define pain management as composed of medical practitioners, occupational therapists, clinical nurse specialists, clinical psychologists, physiotherapists, and nurse practitioners (Gordon et al., 2005). When need arises, other practitioners such as massage specialists and psychiatrists may be incorporated in pain management practices, especially in cases of non-physical pain. Pain healing process is sometimes rather quick, once the underlying disease or trauma has been healed. This kind of pain management requires mostly one physician to deal with completely, using drugs such as analgesics (Gordon et al., 2005). On the other hand, proper management of long-term pain will require a dedicated team of physicians from a wide range of specializations to manage effectively. Medicine is concerned with the treatment of sickness and injury to enhance speedy heeling, and also treats upsetting symptoms like pain to alleviate suffering during the recovery process. In cases where a painful injury fails to heal quickly, or when the pain persists even after the injury or sickness has healed, or when the cause of the pain cannot be ascertained, the task of medicine is to relieve the pain (Gordon et al., 2005). Clinical Trials of Pain Management and Studies of Pain Mechanisms are some of the avenues by which pain management has achieved considerable growth and development in recent times. For instance clinical trials by the World Health Organization (WHO), institutions such as the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and pharmaceuticals such as GSK Pharmaceutical. For example, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke did a pilot trial of intravenous pamidronate for chronic low back pain while a GSK Pharmaceutical sponsored a randomized randomized, double-blind, placebo-contr olled, crossover pilot trial of lamotrigine for central pain due to multiple sclerosis: a model for the role of lamotrigine in the treatment of central pain. Investigator initiated grant. This paper investigates the available and accessible studies and print and electronic literatures on pain management in nursing with a view to finding the current pain management methods in use, their effectiveness, and chance for improvement if any. Further, the relevance of these literatures and any gaps and other weaknesses will be explored. Literature Review on Approaches to Pain Management in Nursing The reviewed literatures revealed that quite a number of approaches to pain management in nursing have been in use for a very log time. These techniques include; the use of physical therapy, antidepressants, analgesics, anticonvulsants, physical exercise, psychological measures like biofeedback, application of heat or ice, and in some cases, cognitive behavioral therapy (World Health Organization, 2013). Pain management in nursing can also be attained by the use of drugs or through interventional means. The interventional methods available are commonly used to cure chronic back pain. Examples of these intervention procedures are injection of facet joints, the use of spinal cord stimulators, and use of epidural steroid injections. As stated earlier, pain management may sometimes involve physicians from

Equal-employment opportunity laws Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equal-employment opportunity laws - Essay Example Organizations should have a zero tolerance attitude for discrimination and should make sure that employees know about the policy in order to minimize the organization’s liability (Wexler, et al, 2010). Organizations should implement health and safety laws that are defined by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Employers are liable for any workplace injuries or health and safety issues if proper measures are not followed for the protection of employees. In case of any negligence, the organizations become liable and have to face lawsuits along with liability to pay for the damage. In case of any workplace accident or violence, the reputation of the organization also suffers so for minimizing liability, the standards defined by OSHA should be followed (Milam-Perez, 2003). Employees working in a workplace are affected because of nondiscrimination policy and health and safety laws because they are protected because of such policies and laws. When nondiscrimination policy is defined and elaborated by the employers, the employees are well aware of the impact of their attitudes towards other employees. The employers themselves are restricted to exercise any act of discrimination towards the employees. The nondiscrimination policy prohibits the employees to be discriminatory and hence, the workplace environment as a whole is disciplined and friendly for all the employees (Wexler, et al, 2010). Employees are at advantage because of nondiscrimination policy. As far as health and safety laws are concerned, again the employees are at advantage because they can see that they are well protected. As per the health and safety laws, the employees should be provided with personal protection equipment, proper medical facilities and training programs for safety. The e mployees who are aware of the health and safety laws are

Common Sense by Thomas Paine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Common Sense by Thomas Paine - Essay Example Still, he helped in reforming the British Reform Act and brought liberty to France. In brief, Common sense is a booklet that advocated an instant declaration of the independence, which in turn would postulate a moral obligation to the Americans and the rest of the world. The writing sparked the American Revolution with its great insights that campaigned on freedom and liberty. The pamphlet challenged the leadership of British Government and its Royal monarchy by openly asking for independence. To date, his documentation inspires many as he presented great ideas of how mankind was originally created to be equal and thus, challenged the British Government that the equality could not be destroyed. The booklet â€Å" Common Sense† has been the most influential tract towards American Revolution ever published in English. The main idea was to encourage the colonists to reinforce their resolve to birth the most successful anti-colonial decision of the modern history. Paine’s W ork represents one or more defining American Characteristics as his arguments enhance significance in the â€Å"American Declaration of Independence.† Paine’s writings created a strong ground to the movement that had seldom worked out in past decades. The writing impacted strongly on the sovereignty of people and printed constitutions, which he declared his interests on freedom, liberty, and equality for all people. Still, he insisted on effective checks along with balances in the government as he thought this would transform the economy and better standards of living. In his writting, he inspired many with great thoughts of defining the American characteristics as discussed. In my opinion, this book has resonated with so many different societies and people over the past decades because it presents great thoughts that regard freedom, liberty, and equality. Many identify themselves with Paine’s ideas that mostly majored on defining human characteristics. In other words, his emphasize was to bring a concept that would transform the world with common sense on the need for freedom. To gain a clear understanding, he outlines how the society by its nature is a blessing but regard government in its best state as evil. Paine affirms that the British government destroyed innocent lives thus it was unanswerable to defy human rights. Following this, the writer advocated for an immediate declaration of independence that would regard the rights of people. Therefore, the booklet becomes the leaven for the past decades as it presents great thoughts of freedom, liberty, and equality that most societies and people find it helpful. In his writting, Paine talks at length about monarchy in general and how the British Monarchy was holding back American’s potential. He was successful into bringing the political debate that the British Government merit the attention of other countries with their own governments to form. He captures readers’ attenti on by successfully persuading them that his ideas simply common sense when he relates his ideas in the scripture that disregard the monarchy government as one of the Jews’ sins. He continues to assert that in every instance the monarchy is popery to the government but not to the ordinary citizens. In this regard, he was successful into bring the concept of monarchy into a real political debate by relating it with biblical doctrines that viewed monarchy as evil. Therefore,

Doctorate degree Essay Example for Free

Doctorate degree Essay Completing a doctorate degree in any college or university always presents many challenges and difficulties for every student. Statistics from studies have shown that roughly half of all incoming doctoral students will drop out, two-thirds of whom will do so during their second and third years (Smallwood, 2004). Graduate school demands a lot of focus and determination because it is a focused occupation (Jerrard, 1998). Graduate Studies also require a lot of time and commitment. There are no scheduled breaks for graduate school unlike in undergraduate studies where there are winter, spring, summer, and fall breaks off. Pursuing graduate studies entails that a student must be able to keep up with the academic load that is required while at the same time be able to deal with the other demands off campus (Smallwood, 2004). That being said, it is time to examine the challenges that students face in graduate studies. There are numerous challenges for students who are pursuing graduate studies. One of the major challenges involves the transition from undergraduate school to graduate school and the academic mentality that is required. The academic mentality problem that most students and individuals who enter graduate studies without any real work experience have is that they fail to make the necessary transition from rote memorization in undergraduate education to creative research in doctoral training (Smallwood, 2004). Often times in graduate study, a student is required to provide not merely a recitation of the facts and details but an in-depth analysis of the issue and to provide solutions or strategies that can be employed in dealing with the scenario. This is what causes a lot of students to drop out because they are unable to adjust to the demands to graduate school. The main challenges therefore for any individual pursuing graduate studies are academic mentality or mind set, stress and financial burdens. These challenges however, as shown in this short discourse, do not necessarily have to act as a hindrance to completing a graduate study degree or program as there are certain strategies that can be employed to ensure one’s success. These strategies can be summed up into three key points; learning how to think, time management and saving for a rainy day. If these three strategies can be implemented properly, the success of an individual in Graduate Study is virtually secured.

Magical and Sublime Characteristics of A Very Old Man With Enormous Win

Magical and Sublime Characteristics of A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings      Ã‚  Ã‚   "A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings" is a short fiction story written by Gabriel Garcia Marquez in 1955. It has both characteristics of magical realism and of the modern sublime. Therefore, Magical Realism and the Sublime seem to be related in many ways depending on how a person looks at a story. From all of the research I have read, magical realism and the sublime help to explain the characteristics of one another. This story definitely meets the criteria for magical realism and the sublime because of the many elements described. The very old man with wings, the unusual miracles, the woman spider, and the crab infestation, represent elements of the sublime and magical realism. Marquez makes these magical elements seem like the natural thing to occur. Angels, miracles, crabs, spiders, and money -making events are very real, but in this story he makes them sound so real and normal, whereas in real life they would be crazy and hard to believe. I discovered that that this story is based on a spiritual subject rather than something that is just completely not able to be related to some certain thing or place. Longinus talks about different authors stating that "the import of the sublime is clearly that it plumbs the depths of natural, visible reality to evoke an aesthetic and psychological experience of its hidden and invisible dimension of mystery, magic, and spirituality"(461). Sublime, having spirituality as a characteristic, and magical realism, having magic as a characteristic, are mixed in the story. The very old man with wings is sublime and magical because of its spirituality and the magic he made as he lived in the town. It is a r... ...all based on opinion. I know that there will be many people will place the two genres in different categories based on what they see. When a magical element is given, not everyone gets the same view out of it. I stand by my point, though; magical realism and the sublime are more alike than different. Works Cited Arensberg, Mary. The American Sublime. Ed. Mary Arensberg. Albany; N.Y.: State University of New York Press, 1986. 1-5. Faris, Wendy B. "Magical Realism : Post Expressionism. "Magical Realism: Theory, History, Community." Ed. Lois Parkinson Zamora and Wendy B. Faris. Durham; N.C.: Duke UP, 1995: 163-190. Longinus. On the Sublime. Cambridge. Harvard UP, 1995. Shopenhauer, Arthur. The World as Will and Idea! Philosophies of Art and Beauty. Eds. Albert Hofstadter and Richard Kuhns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976. 448-468.   

Mandatory Testing Needed for Elderly Drivers Essay

In July of 2003, an eighty-four year old man drove through a crowded farmer’s market in Santa Monica, California, killing ten people, including a seven-month old and a three-year old. He also injured around forty others. According to many news reports, the driver apparently panicked and hit the gas instead of the brake, speeding through the crowded street. This mistake is common among elderly drivers who no longer possess the necessary skills to safely operate a vehicle. Either their vision has become poor, they are no longer able to react quickly, or their cognitive abilities have begun to deteriorate. Some older drivers do not realize they are becoming unsafe on the road, while others simply do not want to give up their keys. Still others are perfectly capable of driving safely well into their eighties or even nineties. Because of the variation in driving abilities and the high incidence of fatal accidents among older drivers, states need to ensure the safety of our streets and highways by passing laws requiring motorists over the age of seventy to pass frequent road and vision tests. Although many people agree that elderly drivers are a high-risk age group, some critics of mandatory testing call it a form of age discrimination. This statement, however, is entirely untrue. Mandatory testing and frequent license renewal are not products of age discrimination, but rather precautionary measures to ensure the safety of both the driver and all others on the road, much like the laws governing teenage drivers. Teen drivers cause more fatal accidents than any other age group; therefore, states have legislation specific to that group of drivers. Those laws, though age specific, are not criticized as discrimination, and laws geared toward senior drivers should not be considered discriminatory either. Elderly drivers are right behind teens in the number of fatal crashes they cause, and statistics show that per licensed driver, the rate of fatal crashes rises sharply at age seventy. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, in 2001, elderly drivers made up just over ten percent of the driving population, yet accounted for thirteen percent of all fatal accidents. Also, about half of fatal accidents involving older drivers occurred at intersections, and seventy-three percent involved another vehicle. These facts show that many elderly drivers put both themselves and others at risk by driving when they are no longer able to do so safely. If frequent mandatory testing were required, unsafe elderly drivers would no longer be licensed to be on the road. It is the responsibility of each state to take measures to decrease the number of fatal accidents caused by high-risk groups, and mandatory testing is just such a measure. Many states focus heavily on teenage drivers, raising the minimum driving age or instituting graduated license systems, but statistics show that equal attention needs to be given to elderly drivers. Some states have already instituted frequent renewals and/or mandatory vision and driving tests. In Iowa and Rhode Island, for instance, drivers age seventy and older are required to renew their licenses every two years, as opposed to the five years for all other drivers. In Illinois, drivers over seventy-five have to take a road test at each renewal. In Maine, drivers over the age of sixty-two have to pass a vision test at each renewal, and drivers over sixty-five are required to renew more often. By addressing not only the high-risk teen drivers, but also the high-risk elderly drivers, these states are providing others with an example of what steps can be taken to make our nation’s roads safer. Granted, frequent license renewals and optometry visits can be costly and timeconsuming. But, these problems can be easily addressed. One way to counteract the costs -seniors would incur would be to discount the rate of senior licenses and to have an -optometrist onsite to provide qui ck vision screenings. That way, seniors are not paying more for their license than any other driver, and they do not have to pay for an optometry visit each time they renew. They would still have to receive comprehensive optometric exams on their own time, but not at the requirement of the licensing office. Also, in addition to hiring an optometrist, license offices can make minor adjustments to their normal operations to help -cut back on the wait-time for seniors. For example, there could be a senior day on which all -drivers over age seventy automatically get to go to the front of the line. Another issue that elderly drivers could face if mandatory testing laws were enacted would be finding adequate transportation after they no longer have a valid license. Like the above issues, this problem can be easily addressed. City buses and taxi companies can offer significant discounts for senior citizens. Also, cities can add more bus routes and bus stops, making sure seniors have easy access to public transportation. Local governments or nonprofit organizations can initiate community service programs in which licensed drivers with good driving records volunteer to drive senior citizens to and from work, medical visits, the grocery store, or any other location they may need to visit. Families can also pitch in to see that their parents or grandparents are still able to get around after they are no longer licensed to drive. Drivers should be licensed for as long as they are safe and able, but states must strive to make sure that only safe and able drivers are on the road. It is sometimes hard to identify who is and who isn’t safe, which is why road and vision tests are used. High-risk groups need special laws, and this includes elderly drivers. I know as well as everybody else that there are many seniors who are great drivers, just as there are teens who are great drivers, but there are also many in each of these age groups who are not. States need to make sure that only the capable drivers in high-risk age groups are on the road. In most states, strict laws are already in place for teenagers, but not for elderly drivers. Now is the time for every state to institute mandatory road and vision tests for drivers over age seventy, before any more unnecessary accidents happen.

Hot and Cold Essay

Since time immemorial, Indians have been bombarded with snacks-to-go by street vendors; fastfood is neither a modern phenomenon, nor a western innovation. But as increasing numbers of international players enter the domestic market, there are bitter lessons to learn about what local consumers will and will not welcome. just-food.com’s Debasish Ganguly reports from India on the evolving sector and the challenges facing new entrants into the fastfood market. Fastfood is not an alien concept to Indians; roadside shops have offered snacks-to-go since time immemorial and the country has a long tradition of indigenous fastfood served by a variety of street vendors. Whether the southern ‘Dosas’ or the ‘Phulkas’ in the north, the ‘Vada’, ‘Samosas’ or ‘Bhelpuri’, this inexpensive cuisine is still going strong, and street selling is a low-cost method of food distribution. However, since the arrival of established fastfood chains such as McDonald’s, marketing savvy and dollar power have given fastfood a very western orientation. The weekend stampedes outside any McDonalds restaurant are standing testimony to this fact. But the burger behemoths still have a long way to go. Local fastfood is not easily undermined by these interlopers, since methods of mass production have not been perfected and, in any case, they would have to compete with low cost ‘artisan’ production. On the other hand, the reality is that established local fastfood chains, like Nirulas, Wimpys or Haldiram, are sensing competition by the growing popularity of McDonald’s and other international chains. Though Nirulas does not admit to any drop in sales overtly, industry sources reveal that they have lost 18% of their original market share. So far, the fastfood chains have gained their popularity among the major metropolitan cities of India and some smaller cities, such as Pune or Baroda. Before the arrival of these fastfood chains, Nirulas was the market leaderin Delhi. In fact, Nirulas taught Delhi-dwellers what pizzas and burgers were all about. Nirulas was commanding a monopoly until western chains arrived in India.

Wright Brothers First Fatal Airplane Crash

Wright Brothers First Fatal Airplane Crash It had only been five years since Orville and Wilbur Wright made their famous flight at Kitty Hawk. By 1908, the Wright brothers were traveling across the United States and Europe in order to demonstrate their flying machine. Everything went well until that fateful day, September 17, 1908, which began with a cheering crowd of 2,000 and ended with pilot Orville Wright severely injured and passenger Lieutenant Thomas Selfridge dead. A Flight Exhibition Orville Wright had done this before. He had taken his first official passenger, Lt. Frank P. Lahm, into the air on September 10, 1908, at Fort Myer, Virginia. Two days later, Orville took another passenger, Major George O. Squier, up in the Flyer for nine minutes. These flights were part of an exhibition for the United States Army. The U.S. Army was considering purchasing the Wrights aircraft for a new military airplane. To get this contract, Orville had to prove that the airplane could successfully carry passengers. Though the first two trials had been successful, the third was to prove a catastrophe. Lift Off! Twenty-six-year-old Lieutenant Thomas E. Selfridge volunteered to be a passenger. A member of the Aerial Experiment Association (an organization headed by Alexander Graham Bell and in direct competition with the Wrights), Lt. Selfridge was also on the Army board that was assessing the Wrights Flyer at Fort Myers, Virginia. It was just after 5 p.m. on September 17, 1908, when Orville and Lt. Selfridge got into the airplane. Lt. Selfridge was the Wrights heaviest passenger thus far, weighing 175 pounds. Once the propellers were turned, Lt. Selfridge waved to the crowd. For this demonstration, approximately 2,000 people were present. The weights were dropped and the airplane was off. Out of Control The Flyer was up in the air. Orville was keeping it very simple and had successfully flown three laps over the parade ground at an altitude of approximately 150 feet. Then Orville heard light tapping. He turned and quickly looked behind him, but he didnt see anything wrong. Just to be safe, Orville thought he should turn off the engine and glide to the ground. But before Orville could shut off the engine, he heard two big thumps, which gave the machine a terrible shaking. The machine would not respond to the steering and lateral balancing levers, which produced a most peculiar feeling of helplessness. Something flew off the airplane. (It was later discovered to be a propeller.) Then the airplane suddenly veered right. Orville couldnt get the machine to respond. He shut off the engine. He kept trying to regain control of the airplane. . . . I continued to push the levers, when the machine suddenly turned to the left. I reversed the levers to stop the turning and to bring the wings on a level. Quick as a flash, the machine turned down in front and started straight for the ground. Throughout the flight, Lt. Selfridge had remained silent. A few times Lt. Selfridge had glanced at Orville to see Orvilles reaction to the situation. The airplane was about 75 feet in the air when it started a nose-dive to the ground. Lt. Selfridge let out a nearly inaudible Oh! Oh! The Crash Heading straight for the ground, Orville was not able to regain control. The Flyer hit the ground hard. The crowd was at first in silent shock. Then everyone ran over to the wreckage. The crash created a cloud of dust. Orville and Lt. Selfridge were both pinned in the wreckage. They were able to disentangle Orville first. He was bloody but conscious. It was harder to get Selfridge out. He too was bloody and had an injury to his head. Lt. Selfridge was unconscious. The two men were taken by stretcher to the nearby post hospital. Doctors operated on Lt. Selfridge, but at 8:10 p.m., Lt. Selfridge died from a fractured skull, without ever regaining consciousness. Orville suffered a broken left leg, several broken ribs, cuts on his head, and many bruises. Lt. Thomas Selfridge was buried with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery. He was the first man to die in an airplane. Orville Wright was released from the Army hospital on October 31. Though he would walk and fly again, Orville continued to suffer from fractures in his hip that had gone unnoticed at the time. Orville later determined that the crash was caused by a stress crack in the propeller. The Wrights soon redesigned the Flyer to eliminate the flaws that led to this accident. Sources Howard, Fred. Wilbur and Orville: A Biography of the Wright Brothers.  Alfred A. Knopf, 1987, New York.Prendergast, Curtis. The First Aviators. Time-Life Books, 1980, Alexandria, VA.Whitehouse, Arch. The Early Birds: The Wonders and Heroics of the First Decades of Flight. Doubleday Company, 1965, Garden City, NY.